Iago s Manipulation And Deception - 1349 Words

Iago’s manipulation and deception clearly therefore derives from his jealousy for Cassio and the sense that he has been betrayed by Othello. So, he seeks vengeance using anyone he can to attain this personal gain. From the beginning, it is clear that Iago is a deceitful man who says â€Å"Sblood!† as opposed to Roderigo’s â€Å"Tush!†, the audience already see his powers of deception as he explains how he is even worse off than Roderigo. His furious language: â€Å"A fellow almost damned in a fair wife† manages to convince the intellectual Roderigo who is presented along with Cassio in contrast to Iago. They are arguably used as foils to emphasise Iago’s deceitful and manipulative traits as shown from the beginning. The reason Iago is manipulative and†¦show more content†¦It manifests how evil Iago is when he goes to inform Brabantio and we know that for Iago this is all a game that he aims to win to receive personal gain. While Rod erigo can only manage a polite: â€Å"What, ho, Brabantio! Signior Brabantio, ho!† Iago uses animalistic and explicit images of his daughter Desdemona and her new but secret husband Othello: â€Å"an old black ram Is tupping your white ewe†, â€Å"your daughter and the Moor are making the beast with two backs.† and can imagine Brabantio’s, rejection at Iago’s pervasive language. Iago manages to convince Brabantio and it’s the strength of the language that is an asset to Iago and effective in his manipulation. Iago then leaves the scene because he does not want Othello to know it is he that is starting this whole affair and later blames it on Roderigo. In scene 2 the audience sees Iago and Othello together and Othello’s dominance is clear; Iago admires and respects him and it clearly shows in his speech that is a bit humbling: â€Å"I lack iniquity Sometimes to do me service†. We see another side of Iago contrasting his usual self if his deceptive and manipulative character is his real self. We can sense how ironic he is when he says: â€Å"he prated, And spoke such scurvy and provoking terms against your honour† (blaming Roderigo) being that it was Iago who informed Brabantio. Here theShow MoreRelatedIago By William Shakespeare s Othello Essay914 Words   |  4 Pages Today’s society is overly familiar with deception and lies; whether it is from their family, friends, media, or politicians. Historically, there has been an abundance which still carries on today. Behind every lie, there is a motive for doing so. In Shakespeare s Othello, Iago is no exception to this rule. He is living a dual life of li es. On one face Iago is a trustworthy friend who is attempting to set up Roderigo with the love of his life. His other face is the one whose main goal is to beRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1599 Words   |  7 Pagesand subsequent downfall that inevitably occurs. Their marriage is then sabotaged by the jealous Iago, Othello’s ensign and villain of the play. While Iago’s ostensible justification for instigating Othello’s demise was his failure to acquire Othello’s position as lieutenant, Iago’s motives are rarely directly articulated and seem to derive from an obsessive, almost aesthetic pleasure in manipulation and destruction. Through the genre of the play, being a Shakespearean tragedy, and the structuralRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesOthello by William Shakespeare, Iago is the villian present in the drama. He manipulates people into thinking things that aren t true. The way the author lets the reader know the plan behind Iago’s actions, but not the other characters, the irony that s present in the words he uses to describe Iago, and the symbolism he uses to cause betrayal for other characters, helps one to realize that Iago is the villain. One can see the villainry that s present in Iago s character when he releases his cruelRead MoreThe Character Analysis Of Iago Of Othello1075 Words   |  5 PagesAt first glance, Iago of Othello can appear to have little motivation for his destructive tendencies; however, when viewed through the lens of antisocial personality disorder, his incentive takes on a twisted internal logic. His all-consuming desire for revenge is not necessarily because of any outside influence by Othello himself, but rather the fact that Othello disrupts Iago’s conception of himself and is a pawn whom he can manipulate for pleasure. His arrogance and entitlement are also classicRead MoreManipulating The Supernatural : William Shakespeare s Ot hello And A Midsummer Night s Dream883 Words   |  4 Pages Because of this Shakespeare made his characters as relatable as possible to the audience members of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth century and their views on life so he could generate more recognition for his plays. Throughout Shakespeare s plays, Othello and A Midsummer Night’s Dream, he appeals to the audience by relating to their human nature. One of the major observations of human nature that Shakespeare likely made and incorporated into his plays is the human desire to be drawn towardRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1203 Words   |  5 Pagesin Macbeth, or revenge, as in Hamlet. What is interesting about Iago is that the audience never knows for certain why it is that Iago wants to destroy Othello. His evil comes without a motive. The characterization of Iago as a motiveless malignity was first proposed by Samuel Taylor Coleridge as he was preparing a series of lectures delivered in 1818. Cole ridge calls him a motiveless malignity at the end of Act 1, Scene 3 when Iago leaves Roderigo, saying, Go to, farewell. Put money enough in yourRead MoreOthello : Vulnerability Destroys Virtues Of A Great Leader1601 Words   |  7 Pagesprinciples because Iago despises Othello and manipulates him therefore, Othello becomes vulnerable resulting in his death. 1. Othello believes that being vulnerable is a sign of weakness. A. Othello will not expunge himself from his race and ethnicity, for he knows glorifying his heritage is a vulnerability that could end his career as a leader. B. Othello knows that a schism among his ranks leads to distrust and a lack of loyalty among men, leaving him susceptible to defeat. 2. Iago despises OthelloRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare998 Words   |  4 Pagesof two worlds. One of them is a world of absolute cynic, manipulate or Iago; the second world is the world of all the other characters in the tragedy, including, possibly, even Othello. Even though both of the main male characters, Iago and Othello, are murderers, they have different types of characters, cause different feelings and deserve different attitudes. Shakespeare makes it clear at once at the first appearance of Iago, that he is a villain with his philosophy. Philosophy is not crafty inRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1505 Words   |  7 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s play Othello Iago has the ability to charm and convince people of his loyalty and honesty. Iago immediately introduced his malicious desire for revenge, but he had no proven reason for his actions. Throughout the play Iago devises a devious plan to convince the other characters o f his cunning contrivance. Iago treats others as the fool with no intentions of caring about their feelings. Behind his deceitful trustworthy appearance, Iago is a multilayered manipulative villainRead MoreThemes of Deception in William Shakespeares Othello Essay1758 Words   |  8 PagesThemes of Deception in William Shakespeares Othello Deception is one of the main themes running through Othello, along with love, pride and society. Indeed, it is deception that provides the fuel for the plot and deception that is leads to the classic downfall of the hero as is common in Shakespeare tragedies. We see Macbeth and Hamlet both succumb to downfall. perhaps the most obvious deception is Iagos deception. The principal method that Iago uses to convince

Techniques and Effective Marketing for Small Business and Its New Research Proposal

Essays on Techniques and Effective Marketing for Small Business and Its New Approach Research Proposal The paper "Techniques and Effective Marketing for Small Business and Its New Approach" is an excellent example of a research proposal on marketing. The problems regarding small businesses are regarding the cost of health insurance, cost and availability of liability insurance, worker’s compensation, cost of fuel, federal taxes and income, Property taxes, cash flow, state taxes and business income, unfavorable government regulations, and electricity costs are also included. These problems can be mitigated by the efficient marketing of the products and services of small businesses. (NFIB, 2004) As mentioned above marketing is the matter that determines the demand and that can mitigate the problems of any business. This should match the product or the service. The techniques will be different for different products and depend on customer needs. The customer needs, at times, result in an increase in the cost of production, but keeping this in view these also increase the demand for the products and services of the business. The first thing to keep in view is that it is not an event but a process.The small businesses need plans in an ongoing process of marketing. The process of marketing needs the plan of having concrete outlining that concentrates on achieving the targets. The research for marketing is needed as the marketing needs the best plan to ensure success and that is possible by continuously conducting research regarding it. The research regarding marketing minimizes the probability of failure of marketing plans. The research should target on decreasing the misunderst anding of the customers by marketing planners and should develop organized thinking regarding the execution of the plans. The research in marketing can give rise to analyzing tools for measuring the progress of the demand for the business due to marketing plans. There will be business-specific problems and common problems. The two types of problems can be identified and classified by research on these processes as well as the marketing strategies. The techniques that overcome the shortage of funds in marketing and advertising are possible with the research in this area of business. (MSU Extension Department)Identification of ProblemsThe identification of the problems in the marketing will void complacency in the marketing plans of small businesses. The research process in marketing has to devise the methods in marketing that avoid the marketing staff to stand still. However, relying on the same marketing techniques for a long time is a problem in marketing. The identification of the reason for this problem is important and this needs research. The main reason identified until now is that this is due to the lack of innovative ways in marketing and this can be mitigated by conducting extensive research in the marketing methods and strategies.

Business Decisions Theory-Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write a Research Proposal to Support Decision Making. Answer: Introduction Heavenly Chocolates is engaged in manufacturing and selling of the quality chocolate products through its retail outlet. Its retail outlet is located at Hay Market of Sydney. Heavenly Chocolates is offering premium chocolates and dark chocolate pralines for enhancing the satisfaction level of its customers (Heavenly Chocolate, 2017). A website was developed by Heavenly Chocolates ten years ago which was used for meeting the demands of the local people. Two years ago, services of its website were available for international market. This step of Heavenly Chocolates resulted in a rise in the customers and demands for the products offered. Heavenly Chocolates was unable to match up with the demand and lose its online customers due to lack of production capacity to meet the demand. This has affected the customer base, sales, profitability and reputation of the Heavenly Chocolates. Management of Heavenly Chocolates is planning to adopt strategies which will boost up the production process and will contribute towards meeting the demands of the customers. This report will discuss the research carried out for analysing the different strategies. This research proposal will cover the problem statement discussing the problem faced by Heavenly Chocolates along with the objectives behind conducting the research. Objectives will be set for attaining the desired goals of the Heavenly Chocolates. Different methods will be discussed which will be used for the collection of data for the proposed research along with the advantages and disadvantages associated with the method or source of data collection. Recommendations will be given to the management of Heavenly Chocolates for coping with the problem faced by them on the basis of the information collected with the help of primary and secondary sources of data collection. The discussion will be made for analysing the effectiveness of the strategies Heavenly Chocolates is planning to adopt for coping with the problems faced by it due to improper production capacity. Figure 1: Heavenly chocolates Source: (Heavenly chocolate, 2017) Management decision to be made In this dynamic business environment, every organisation is using the internet for the promotion of the business, attracting customers for enhancing customer base and expansion of the area of operation. This motive helps in gaining a competitive advantage over the others in the business environment. Heavenly Chocolates has established a good reputation in the market as it is offering quality chocolates to its customers in Sydney as well as at global level. Heavenly Chocolates is operating in a competitive environment and facing tough competition due to the slow production capacity for meeting the demands. Sales of the Heavenly Chocolates are getting affected due to the inability to meet the increasing demand. This has affected the customer base of Heavenly Chocolates as well as resulted in an increase in the competition for Heavenly Chocolates. This has raised a concern for the management for meeting demands of the customers by adopting strategies. These issues are affecting the expa nsion and growth of the business as well as chances of success of the business. Strategies need to be adopted for the purpose of matching with the increasing demand, retaining customers for gaining competitive advantage and sustaining future growth. Main research objectives Objectives have been formulated for a research with a motive to execute the research in a proper direction by guiding towards the right goal. Heavenly Chocolates is facing issues due to the lack of production capacity required for meeting the increasing demand of the customers. Heavenly Chocolates is planning to conduct a research so as to analyse the manner in which it can cope with the issues faced and enhance the performance by gaining a competitive advantage over the competitors. Objectives of this research proposal are listed below: To analyse the manner in which Heavenly Chocolates can enhance its performance and match up with the increasing demand of the customers. To analyse whether there is a relation between sales and location. To identify the suitability of distribution partnership for the overseas To determine the level of effectiveness of the website in promoting the products offered by Heavenly Chocolates. To analyse the suitability of the location for opening a second retail outlet Sources of data (secondary) Secondary sources can be understood as the second-hand information which other researchers have gathered with a motive to execute their research works (Cheng Phillips, 2014). This form of data is more reliable as it has been used by others. Secondary sources will be used for collecting information related to the competitors and analysis of the business environment (Community Science, 2017). Heavenly Chocolates need to develop the knowledge of the business environment and competitors so as to analyse the measures or strategies it can adapt for resolving the issues faced by it. For the collection of data for executing this research, published data, personnel records, financial reports of the company, journals for analysing market trend and competitor analysis, internet and website of the company will be used (Johnston, 2014). These forms of secondary sources will be used for collecting details related to the company, business environment in which company is operating, analysing the st rategies which can be used by Heavenly Chocolates. It is vital for Heavenly Chocolates to develop an understanding of the different aspects of the business environment so as to select an appropriate strategy. All these forms of secondary sources of data will be used for the analysis of the problems as well as solutions to these problems (Mwamadzingo, 2011). Heavenly Chocolates need to adopt strategies for the problems faced by it as these problems are creating an impact on the overall performance of the company. These strategies need to be analysed with the help of data collected from reliable sources. There are various advantages of using secondary sources of data collection. These advantages include reducing the time, efforts and cost, easy accessibility, helps in collecting specific data, develops a better understanding of the problem and eliminates biasedness (Hox Boeije, 2014). With the advancement of the technology, secondary sources of data get collected in an easy manner which has provided cost, effort and time benefit. The secondary form of data can be collected from the library which ensures that quality data is collected for the identification of the problems and matching with the objectives. Secondary sources are more reliable as they have been collected by others and approved (Lpez, 2017). There are few disadvantages of secondary sources of data and these disadvantages include lack of proper control or check the quality of the data collected, out-dated data, lack of availability of sufficient data and data can be inappropriate. Data collected must be as per the need o f the objectives and problems identified in the research program (Acaps, 2012). Primary data collection method Primary data is the raw form of data which is collected by the researcher specifically for its research program. This form of data is considered less reliable as information collected with the help of primary sources of data may get affected due to personal views of the individual. Original data is collected in the primary source of data collection. Different types of primary data can be collected as per the requirement of the business (Litteacher8, 2012). Heavenly Chocolates will use primary sources of data collection for collecting information related to the business. This information related to the business helps in identifying the capabilities or strengths which will help in enhancing the performance of the business. Primary data will also help in identifying the aspects in which Heavenly Chocolates is lacking. Different types of primary data can be collected and these different types of primary data include interviews, observations, experiments and questionnaire (Flintermann, 20 14). Heavenly Chocolates will use a questionnaire for collecting first-hand information from the employees and regular customers of the company who will help in providing valuable information to Heavenly Chocolates. There are various advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of a primary source of data collection. Advantages of primary sources of data collection include identification of the issues, interpretation of the data in a better manner, provide recent data and reduce the wastage of resources as efforts are directed towards the goals and objectives (Thomas, 2015). There are few disadvantages of primary data collection method which are an increase in the cost of the Heavenly Chocolates, time-consuming process, feedbacks provided may get affected due to personal judgement and requirement of more resources (Weijun, 2008). Heavenly Chocolates will use questionnaire so as to collect the information and analysing the information for implementing the results for improvin g the performance and attaining the objectives. Recommendations Heavenly Chocolates will use the collected information for improving the issues or the problems faced by it. Analysis of the different strategies will help in gaining an understanding of the measures which can help in contributing towards the performance of the business. Heavenly Chocolates will use primary and secondary sources of data which will help in collecting relevant data. This collected information will help management of Heavenly Chocolates is taking decisions regarding the expansion of the business, adopting strategies for enhancing the production capacity, along with the expansion of the customer base and offering the products in the international market. Normative decision theory can be used by Heavenly Chocolates which will help the company in taking best and most appropriate decision that will generate the desired outcome and solve the problems faced by Heavenly Chocolates. Heavenly Chocolates can also adopt decisions theory of management which will help in choosing th e best alternative. Kotters 8 step change model can be used by Heavenly Chocolates for implementing the changes it is planning to implement for coping with the lack of effective production capacity. References Acaps. (2012). Qualitative and Quantitative Research Techniques for Humanitarian Needs Assessment. Acaps. Cheng, H. G., Phillips, M. R. (2014). Secondary analysis of existing data: opportunities and implementation.Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry,26(6), 371375. https://doi.org/10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.214171 Community Science. (2017). Tips for Collecting, Reviewing, and Analyzing Secondary Data. Community science. Flintermann, B. (2014). The quality of market research reports The case of Marketline Advantage and the automobile industry. University of Twente. Heavenly Chocolate. (2017). About. Heavenly Chocolate. Accessed on: 24 August 2017. Retrieved from: https://www.heavenly-chocolate.com/contact/ Hox, J. J. Boeije, H. R. (2014). Data collection, Primary vs. Secondary. Research Gate. Johnston, M. P., 2014, Secondary Data Analysis:A Method of which the Time Has Come, Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries, pp. 619 626. litteacher8. (2012). What are three advantages and limitations of primary research data collection?. Enotes. Accessed on: 24 August 2017. Retrieved from: https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/provide-three-advantages-limitations-primary-366466 Lpez, X. S. P. S. (2017). Secondary Data: sources, advantages and disadvantages. Research Gate. Mwamadzingo, M. (2011). Techniques for data collection. ILO. Thomas, J. A., 2015, Using unstructured diaries for primary data collection, Nurse researcher, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 25. Weijun, T. (2008). Research Methods for Business Students. Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

Shapiro Chapter Solutions Essay Example

Shapiro Chapter Solutions Paper Economic profit measures true increments to value, but is hard to assure. Accounting profit is correlated with economic profit, but not perfectly so. Accounting profit can be measured much more easily. B. What is the relationship between accounting rate of return and economic rate of return? Answer: The accounting rate of return is the ratio of after-tax profit to average book investment. Economic rate of return is the ratio of after-tax economic profit to the market value of the investment Economic profit equals cash accruals to the asset combined with changes in its market value. 2. In 1991, ATT laid a transatlantic fiber optic cable costing $400 million that an handle 80,000 calls simultaneously. What is the payback on this investment if ATT uses just half its capacity while netting one cent per minute on calls? Answer: 5210 Million per year assuming the half capacity is for 24 hours a day, 365 days per year. The annual payback is then 53%. 3. The satisfied owner off new $15,000 car can be expected to buy another ten cars from the same company over the next 30 years (an average of one every three years) at an average price of $15,000 (ignore the effects of inflation). We will write a custom essay sample on Shapiro Chapter Solutions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shapiro Chapter Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shapiro Chapter Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If the net profit margin on these cars is 20 percent, how much should an auto manufacturer be willing to spend to keep its customers satisfied? Assume a 9 percent discount rate. Answer: At a 20 percent profit margin, the auto company will earn an annuity to about $3,000 every three years for the next 30 years. Discounted at 9 percent, this annuity is worth $9,402, assuming that the tires new car is purchased three years from today. Hence, an investment to keep customers satisfied will have a positive NAP as long as the amount spent is less than $9,402. Thus, a car company should be willing to spend LIP to $9,402 in present value terms to keep its customers satisfied. A trick is available to calculate the present value of this annuity)h Recognize that an annuity received every three years for 30 years and discounted at 9 percent is equivalent to a 10-year annuity discounted at 29. 5029 percent since each cash flow term is discounted at (I . 09)3 = 1295029. 4. Demonstrate that the following project has internal rates of return of O percent, 100 percent, and 200 percent. Year $1,200 12 13 I Cash flow +7,200 1-13,200 Answer: To demonstrate that an AIR calculation is valid, compute the net present value at the AIR. A valid AIR yields O. I Year | -400. 00 -488. 89 | +88. 9 10 Cash Flow 112 1 13 1 14 I I Total 1-1,200 I-I ,200 | -600 1-1,650 +450 5. During 1990, DOD Chemical generated the following returns on investment in its different business units: Business unit 116. 6 16. 7 Return on Investment (h) I Chemicals/Performance Products I I Consumer Specialties Plastics 12. 7 I Hydrocarbons/Energy Other 111. 15. 2 11. 6 I I DOD Chemical overall Given these returns, which of the business units should DOD invest additional capital in? What additional information would you need in order to make that decision? Answer: These figures tell you what DOD earned in 1990. In order to decide on future investments, you need the following information: 1. Whether these returns are representative of those expected to be earned in the future in these different divisions, What matters for investment decommissioning are projected future returns, not past returns. To the extent that these returns vary widely from year to year-?which they do in the chemical business-?historical return data for one year are meaningless. One reason these data may be misleading is that they are based on historical cost figures for investment. You really want to calculate returns on the replacement cost of sets Inflation will cause asset values to be understated, which will lead the return on investment to be overstated. 2. The cost of capital for these divisions. Each division is likely to have its own risk and, hence, its own cost Of capital. A high return could just indicate a high degree of risk and, therefore, a high required return. What matters is the projected return relative to the cost Of capital. A high projected return that is less than the risk-adjusted cost of capital will yield a negative NAP investment. Conversely, a low projected return that exceeds the cost Of capital Will yield a costive NAP investment. 3. The marginal return on investment in each division. Even if the figures for, say, the plastics and chemical/performance products divisions exceed their cost of capital and are representative of those expected to be earned in the future, that does not automatically justify additional investment in those divisions. These figures tell us the average ROI; for investment purposes you need the marginal ROI. That is, what matters tort investment purposes is not the return on past investments but the return on future investments. As we have seen, many companies (e. G. Monsanto, Philip Morris) have divisions that yield high returns on past investments but very low returns on incremental investments. 4, The extent to which these divisions sell to one another, DOD Chemical is a vertically-integrated company. Its hydrocarbons/energy unit sells to its downstream plastics unit, which in turn sells to its consumer specialties unit. Thus, the profitability of these units depends critically on the prices at which these internal transactions take place. Gore example, the hydrocarbons/energy unit may be showing a low ROI simply because it sells petroleum to the plastics unit at 3 below-market price. That is, the hydrocarbons unit may be very profitable but its profits are showing up in the plastics unit in the form of a low price on raw materials. This is a form Of cross-subordination. Disentangling the true profitability of the different units of a vertically-integrated company like DOD turns out to be a very difficult task, but it is a necessary one for capital budgeting purposes. What matters is how profitable investments are from the standpoint of the overall company, not from the standpoint of the units undertaking those investments, 5, The returns associated with specific assets and activities within each vision. What matters from an investment standpoint is not just how well each division can be expected to do in the future but hove well specific projects within each division can be expected to do. For example, certain products within the profitable plastics division may be earning a return while others are only earning a 2% return. Similarly, certain investments may be expected to yield a high return relative to their rockiness, whereas others have little chance of a significant payoff. At the same time, the low-return hydrocarbons/newer division may have some very high-return projects, which are masked by a lot of value- storing activities elsewhere. Without detailed data on the returns associated with each divisions various activities, customers, and products, one cant say where investment dollars would be best spent. CHAPTER 2: PROBLEMS 1. A firm is considering investing in a project with the following cash flows: I cash Flows 1 15 1 16 117 1 18 II I-I sass. O 2,000. 00 | 3,000. 00 4,000. 00 | 3,500. 00 13,000. 00 1 ,oho. O | 1,818. 18 12,479. 4 13,005. 26 12,390. 55 11,862. 76 11,128. 95 1513. 16 1466. 51 1,818. 18 4,297. 52 17,302. 78 9,693. 33 Ill 12,685. 04 | 13,664. 70 2. The pennon Oil Co. Just decide whether it is financially feasible to open an oil well off the coast of China. The drilling and rigging cost for the well is The well is expected to yield 585,000 barrels of oil a year at a net profit to pennon of $5 a barrel for four years. The well will then be effectively depleted but must be capped and secured at a cost of Pennon requires an annual rate of return of 14 percent on its investment projects. Should Pennon open the well? (Assume all Of a years production occurs at the end Of the year. ) Answer: Net annual profit = = $2. MM. IV(Production) $2_MM _ 2. MM _ 2. 9137 = 58. MM. IV(Capping) = SO. MOM _ = 4 _ 0. 5921 = $2. MM. IV(Drilling) 55. MM. NAP = IV(Production) ? IV'(Capping) = 9. MM 2. MM 5. MM $1. MM. The well should be drilled, since the present value of the benefits exceeds the present value of the costs, The term NAP (Net Present Value) refers precisely to the difference in present value between the benefits and the costs of a project, 3. Jack Nicolas, the golfing pro and real estate developer, is thinking Of acquiring an 800-acre property outside Atlanta that he intends to turn into an exclusive community for 600 families, The cost of this property and the necessary improvements is $30 million. After setting aside a mandatory 25 percent of the property as green space, he figures he can sell the remaining lots for an average of $90,000 an acre. By putting in a golf course on the 200 acres of green space, Nicolas believes he can instead sell the lots for an average of $140,000 an acre. The golf course, including clubhouse, has a projected price tag of $6 million. In either event, the project is expected to take eight years to sell out at a rate of 75 lots per year. Jack Nicolas faces a marginal tax rate of 40 percent and can write off his land and development costs by prorating these costs against each lot old. A. If his required return is 14 percent, should Jack Nicolas go ahead with the initial project (i. E a community With no golf course)? Answer: The initial project, a community With no golf course, requires an initial outlay of $MM, and reaps 6. MM per year for 8 years in the absence of taxes and depreciation. The present value of the decision at r 14% and t -40% can be determined from the following formula: b. Should he put in the golf course? Answer: With the golf course, the cost is MM, and pretax revenues are 10. MM per year. The same calculations as above can be made with the new data: NAP = + (1 -? Nicolas should build the golf course (exactly as we exp ected), a b, * An alternate display is illustrative: Tax ( @ 40%) Choosing Only Twit Golf Course I Annual Sales I Ann. Amortization I I Ann. Pretax Profit I I Ann. After Profit 4. 638864 I cost I Present Value 37,574. 798 .NET Present Value 4. The Coin Coalition is trying to get the U. S. Government to replace the dollar bill with a gold-colored dollar coin. One argument is cost savings. A dollar bill costs 2. 6 cents to produce and lasts only about 17 months, A dollar coin, on the other hand, while costing 6 cents to produce, lasts for 30 years. About 1. 8 billion dollar bills must be replaced each year, The start-up costs of switching to a dollar coin are likely to be quite high, however. These costs have not been estimated. A. What are the projected average annual cost savings associated with switching from the dollar bill to a dollar coin? Answer: Since each dollar bill in circulation lasts an average of I . 42 years (17/1 2), and 1. 8 billion are replaced each year, this must mean that there are about 2. 556 billion dollar bills in circulation. The cost of replacing I billion dollar bills each year at a cost per bill of 2. 5 cents is $46. Million. Since the dollar coin lasts 30 years, only about 85. 2 million (2. 556 billion/30) coins must be replaced each year at an annual cost of $5. 1 million. Thus, the annual cost savings comes to approximately $41. 7 million. B. Taking into account only the cost savings estimated in part a, how high can the start-up costs for this replacement project be and still yield a positive NAP for the LIST. Government? Else an 8 percent discount rate. Answer: The present value of the cost savings perpetuity estimated in part a, discounted at 8 percent, is $41 or $521. 25 million. Hence, the start- p costs for replacing the dollar bill with a dollar coin can be as high as $521. 25 million in present value terms and this project will still yield a positive net present value. . Recent Census Bureau data show that the average income to a college- educated person was $34,391 versus ASS,CLC for those without college. At the same time, the annual tuition at public universities was $1,566 versus $7,693 for private colleges. In the following questions, assume there is no difference in income between public and private university graduates. A. Based on thes e figures, what is the payback period for a college education, akin into account the four years of lost earnings while being in college? Do these calculations for both public and private colleges. Answer: Based on the figures presented, the lost income during four years of college is 4 * 524,701 = 598,804 (if they dont go to college they earn Nan-college incomes). The cost of the four years of college at a public (private) university is 56,264 ($30,772). Combining these figures yields a total (undiscovered) cost for a public university of $105,068. For a private college. This cost comes to $129,576. The income advantage to a college education is 59,690 (534,391 . $24,701). From radiation, it takes 105,068/3,690 = 10. 4 years to recover the cost of a public university education. The equivalent figure for a private college is 129,576/9,690 13. 37 years. B. Assuming college graduation at age 22 and retirement at age 65, what is the internal rate of return on a college degree from a public university? A private university? Answer: For a public university, the cash flows are four years of annual net cash outflows equal to $26,267 ($1 ,566 + $24,701) and then 43 years of net cash in flows equal to $9,690 annually, Whether all these cash flows occur at the beginning or end of the year, the AIR equals 7. Percent (the timing of the cash flows doesnt matter because you are just multiplying the NAP-?which must equal zero-?by a constant). Poor a private university, the cash flows are four years of annual net cash outflows equal to $32,394 ($7,693 + $24, 701) and then 43 years of net cash inflows equal to 59,690 annually. The AIR based on these numbers is 6. 32 percent. C. Assuming a 7 percent discount rate, and the same working life as in part b, what is the net present value of a college degree from a public university? A private university? Answer: Assuming all cash flows occur at the end Of the year (here the timing goes matter), the NAP for a public university education is $10,878. For a private college, the WV is . $9,876. 6. The Fun Foods Corporation must decide on what new product lines to introduce next year, After-tax cash flows are listed below along with initial investments. The firms cost of capital is 12 percent and its target accounting rate of return is 20 percent, Assume straight-line depreciation and an asset life of five years. The corporate tax rate is 35 percent. All projects are independent. I Project | $1,250 | 1,200 I Yearly I Investment $3,000 I s,coo 11,200 | 55,000 12,400 $800 17,500 ,000 $1,000 1,250 4,000 14 | 5350 | 600 a. Calculate the accounting rate of return on the project. Which projects are acceptable according to this criterion? (Note: Assume net income is equal to after-tax cash flow less depreciation. ) I Project A Total AT Cash Flow I Total Depreciation I Net Income Avgas Net Income | 5400 shoo 11400 1280 Project B 116750 7500 9250 Project C 18400 14000 | 4400 1880 Cacti Rate of return (Average Net Income Average Book NV) ABA = Total depreciation/2. I 49. % Projects 8 and C are acceptable based on a 20% accounting rate of return. B. Calculate the payback period. All projects with a payback of fewer than four years are acceptable. Which are acceptable according to this criterion? Answer: Assuming depreciation effects are included in the cash flows: Payback A (years) 4. 53, Payback B Payback C 3,42_ Projects B and C are acceptable. Assuming depreciation h as not been included: Payback A (years) = 4. 06, Payback B = 2. 73, Payback C = 3. 06. Projects B and C are c. Calculate the projects Naps. Which are acceptable according to this criterion? Answer: NAP IV(After Tax Cash Flows) -? Initial Investment Assuming depreciation has already been incorporated: NAP A?$742. 2, NIB- 33801. 83, C 51574. 01. Projects B and C are acceptable. If depreciation has not been incorporated, and all writers Gang be used: NAP = IV(After Tax Cash Flows)-? Nit NV IV(Deep Tax Shield) NAP A- $518. 95, NAP B = ASSESS,34, NAP C = $2583. 34, All projects are acceptable. D. Calculate the projects IR, Which are acceptable according to this Answer: AIR is the discount rate that makes NAP = 0. Depreciation included: AURA= 7. 0%, AIR 27. %, Projects B and C are acceptable. (AIR > 12%) Depreciation not included: AURA= 15. 43%, All projects are acceptable. (AIR > 12%) e. Which projects should be chosen? Answer: The firm should follow the guidelines of the NAP rule. 7. Aptest, Inc. , is negotiating with the U. S. Department of Housing and urban Development (HUT) to open a manufacturing plant in South Central L. A. , the scene of much of the rioting in April 1992. The proposed plant will cost $3. 5 million and is projected to generate annual after-tax profits of $550,000 million over its estimated tour-year elite. Depreciation is straight-line over the tour-year period and Aptest;s tax rate is 35 percent, However, given the risks involved, Aptest is looking for a tax-exempt government subsidy. According to Aptest, the subsidy Just be able to achieve any of the following four objectives: (l) Provide a 2-year payback. (2) Provide an accounting rate of return of 35 percent. (3) Raise the plants AIR to 22 percent. (4) Provide an NAP of $1 million when cash flows are discounted at 18 percent. A. Poor each alternative suggested by Aptest, develop a subsidy plan that minimizes the costs to HUT of achieving Pates objective. You can schedule the subsidy payments at any time over the four-year period. Answer. Here are the alternatives With their costs: Payback. The annual cash flow,s are the sum of after-tax profits plus depreciation of $306,250 or $856,250. The sum of the first two years cash flows is $1 , 712,500. To bring the payback to two years will require a subsidy of $1 ; $1 Since the computation of payback is insensitive to when the subsidy is paid, as long as it happens within the two-year period, the present value of its cost can be minimized by providing it at the end of year 2. AIR. The accounting rate of return is 31. 43% In order to bring this up to 35%, it is necessary to bring average annual income up to $612,500 , 750,000), an average annual increase of 62,500. The subsidy will equal $250,000 Since the computation of AIR is insensitive to when the busily is received, its present value can be minimized by providing it at the end of the four years. AIR. With a subsidy of at time O, thereby lowering its net investment to Aptest will get its AIR up to 22%. Any delay will result in a correspondingly higher required subsidy (it will accrue at the rate of 22% annually. Or example, if the subsidy were to be provided at the end Of the first year, it would have to equal $1 ? 1. 22) to get Aptest AIR up to 22%. Hence, HELD Will minimize its costs Of getting Pates AIR up to 22% by providing the subsidy immediately instead of waiting. NAP. The NAP of the project, discounted at 18%, is (1,196,635). Hence, a subsidy equal to $1 , 196,635 that is paid up front will just pr ovide a zero NAP when discounted at 18%. The subsidy will rise at the rate of 18% annually if it is paid in a future year. B. Which of the four subsidy plans would you recommend to HUT if it uses a 15 percent discount rate? Answer. The winning subsidy plan is that associated with the AIR criterion, go paying $250,000 at the end of the tour-year period, the present value of Huts cost when discounted at will be $142,938. 8. The Fast Food chain is trying to introduce its new Hot and Spicy line of ambushers. One plan (S) will include a big media campaign but less in-house production capability. The other plan (L) will concentrate on a more gradual roll- out of the project but will involve more investment in personnel training and so forth.

Ode to a nightingale for keats essays

Ode to a nightingale for keats essays Written in May 1819, many believe Keats? Ode to a Nightingale to have been written at the home of Charles Brown, when Keats sat and listened to the bird for in the garden for some hours. Brown recounts how,when he [i.e. Keats] came into the house, I perceived he had some scraps of paper in his hand.? These pieces of paper were to contain Keats? poetic feeling on the song of the nightingale,a poem which has been the delight of everyone.? The nightingale is particularly apt for the themes Keats wished to explore in his poem. In Classical tradition, the nightingale is associated with love. The influential myth of Philomela, turned into a nightingale after being raped and tortured, stresses melancholy and suffering in association with love. Keats often used Greek and Roman mythology as inspiration for his poetry and he was preoccupied with the symbolic nature of many fables. The nightingale has also been associated with poetry; Keats no doubt knew Coleridge's two poems To the Nightingale and The Nightingale: A Conversation Poem and according to his letters, only days before had Keats discussed the nature of nightingales and poetical sensation with the older poet. In this contemplation on poetic experience, Keats attempts to achieve awareness of beauty and permanence through the symbol of the nightingale. The ode is an apostrophe to the bird, thelight-wingd Dryad of the trees? and the poem is basically structured around the contrast between the poet, who is earthbound, and the nightingale, which is free. Keats was also preoccupied with permanence and mutability and through Ode to a Nightingale Keats used the visionary imagination to identify something that is essential and enduring, in this case, thefull-throated ease? of the nightingale. The nightingale also represents one of many paradoxes found within the ode. Despite the fact that the poet interacts with the nightingale on a personal level and identifies with it, he also p...

Resume Objective How to Know When One is Necessary

Resume Objective How to Know When One is Necessary Unofficially, when you’re applying for jobs, your resume objective is pretty much always the same: â€Å"I would like to get a job.† There may be more specifics than that, but let’s be honest- that’s the main goal here. So if you know your objective is to get this job, and the recruiter or hiring manager knows you are also interested in said job (because otherwise, why would they even have your resume?), why do you need to make this explicit in your resume? 1. What IS a Resume Objective?2. Do You Need a Resume Objective?3. What If You Decide to Skip It?4. What Does a Good Objective Have?5. Where to BeginWhat IS a Resume Objective?An objective is a short statement at the top of your resume (right after your essential contact details) that sums up for the reader where you are in your career, and what you’re seeking as the next step. So as you see, it’s a little different than â€Å"hire me.† Think of it as part of your elevator pitch for hiring you, instead of a literal statement of your job search. Again, you know why you’re there, and the reader knows why you’re there, but the objective is the kickoff to your campaign to convince them why they need to hire you. Basically, it’s your first chance to start breaking away from the pack.For example, if you’re applying for a nursing assistant position, and everyone has the same objective that says something like, â€Å"Seeking employment as a nursing assistant,† the reader will start glazing over by the third resume. You want your resume to stand out from the crowd, and the objective is another tool you can use to do that. But be careful: the resume objective is not necessarily the same thing as the resume summary statement. The resume summary statement, also known as a qualification summary or a competency summary, is a short statement or list of bullets that summarize skills and experience. It ties those skills and experience to the theme (or brand) you’re trying to establish for your resume. How is it different from an objective? A summary statement is a good way to take a long or complicated job/skills history and put your best self (your brand) into a few concise sentences. It’s not as good for newbie job seekers or career changers, because you might still be establishing that brand.Do You Need a Resume Objective?Well, that part’s a little controversial. Not everyone agrees that an objective is a good use of resume space these days. U.S. News World Report argues that the risks of a poorly written objective statement outweigh the benefits of including one at all, and that an objective is a waste of super-precious resume space. This is also the view taken by the folks at The Muse. The bottom line: there’s no unanimous voice fighting for the resume objective.But above all, regardless of what everyone else says, you need to decide what’s right for your resume and your job sear ch. An objective can be a very effective way to present yourself- you just need to make sure that you’re writing a good one that deserves to take that space. You should consider keeping an objective on your resume if:You’re just out of school, or don’t have tons of experience in your field.You’re changing careers, or applying for a job where your previous experience doesn’t apply 1:1.You’re focusing on a very specific position in your field (e.g. you’re not just sending your resume to a company you like, or passing it along to a recruiter, and hoping for an opening that fits). The objective is a way to start establishing that branding, or reframe your narrative. Cover letters are far from a given these days, in the age of faceless job application engines. The objective can be a handle, a narrative statement that could pack some of that same â€Å"I am perfect for this job† punch that would normally be covered in a cover letter. It’s a way to neatly outline your current goals, and align that with the job description at hand. The objective tells the reader what you’re seeking and starts the narrative of how you fit this job.What If You Decide to Skip It?I mean, the sky isn’t going to fall on your job search if you decide against including a resume objective. It’s unlikely that someone will get to the end of an otherwise fantastic resume and think, if only this person had included an objective. But that’s not necessarily the way to look at it- there are plenty of things you can leave off a resume that wouldn’t be missed. Instead, think of it as a proactive element you can use to your advantage. If you skip it, you likely won’t be actively damaging your chances at the position, but you are consciously skipping an opportunity to position yourself even better.What Does a Good Objective Have?If you decide to go ahead with a resume objective, you need to do it well . As mentioned earlier, resume space is precious. If you’re going to devote several lines to it, that’s several lines you can’t devote to something else. So you need to make sure your resume objective has these elements:It’s customized. Like the rest of your resume, it should be tailored to the job for which you’re applying- or at least the company. Generic objectives are visible from a mile away.It should be backed up. Anything you bring up in the resume objective, you should be prepared to flesh out in bullet points later in the resume.It’s not just about you. You’re great, you’re awesome. But lots of great, awesome people are going to end up in the â€Å"meh† or â€Å"no† pile of resumes. The goal is to start showing the reader that your awesomeness is the one that should get an interview for this Use it to emphasize your potential value to the company.It’s not a bragfest. Don’t just insert all th e flattering adjectives you can find. Use relevant action words that, again, will be backed up and enhanced by the rest of your resume.It’s short. This isn’t your memoir, it’s a brief statement that sets the tone for your resume.It adds value to the resume. If you’re just restating points or skills verbatim from later in the resume, don’t bother. The objective should be more of a â€Å"greatest hits† overview that is condensed into its most powerful form. So what does that â€Å"good† objective look like? Think of it as a formula.Strong traits + The role you want to fill + Good fit for the company = ObjectiveDon’t overcomplicate the objective: a sentence or two is great. You don’t need a bulleted list, or a long narrative paragraph. And in fact, a long paragraph could be a total visual momentum-killer, which is the last thing you want right at the start of the resume. You can label it as its own â€Å"Objective† s ection on your resume, but that’s not essential- it could just be a standalone sentence at the top of your resume, and the reader will understand what the purpose of it is.Where to BeginTo get you started, here are some examples of resume objectives- the good, the bad, and the ugly. You can also find templates and samples online, like with ResumeGenius and The Interview Guys (who also have a resume objective â€Å"cheat sheet† you can get via email). Let’s take a look at what to do and what not to do.The GoodExperienced customer service representative with more than 7 years of experience, seeking to leverage strong technical and customer-facing skills into an entry-level information technology position for TechSolutions Corp.Detail-oriented researcher with strong communication skills looking to transition into a blogging and social media coordinator position.Objective: To leverage 10 years of continuing education teaching experience and fluency in English, Spani sh, and French into a part-time ESL teaching position. The BadFabulous customer service rep seeks to leverage legendary skills into IT. (Let the reader make the judgment about whether your skills are â€Å"legendary.†)Bringing my brand to your blog and social media platforms. (What brand? Why you?)I would like a job teaching English to non-native speakers. (What skills and experience would you bring?)Seeking a full-time position in my chosen industry where I can apply my experience and skills to that position. (Waaay too vague.)The UglyI would like a job that pays at least $30,000 per year, with strong benefits and flexible hours to accommodate my child’s care schedule.I’ve always loved reading, so I’d like to secure a position with a large publishing company.Remember, the objective really sets the tone for the resume- it’s right under your name, and hits the reader before they get down to your qualifications and skills. If you’re going to i nclude one, make sure it’s the most specific, appealing one you can write. This is your chance to start moving ahead of the pack, so make sure you’re taking full advantage!b

Banking failures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Banking failures - Essay Example The research is based on the recent International financial crisis of UK banking system 08/09, which failed to adhere to existing financial and national regulations. The significant impact of shadow banking system that facilitates complex financial structures, derivatives and asset securities have resulted in extreme trading risk as compared to the normal banking operations. The banking system is regulated by the competition commission, which summon operations of the banks towards a complex monopoly for banking giants as compared to the smaller banks. Banking failures are termed as shutting down the operations of the bank due to inability of paying of its depositors or have lesser funds to meet its creditors and regulators obligations. The distributions of its assets and liabilities are evident due to insolvency of the bank which implicit that its assets are undervalued as compared to its liabilities at market value. The banking regulations are accredited by three organisations mainl y FSA (Financial Services Authority), Treasury and Bank of England. The interventions of the regulators were limited to aggressive situations only but since the banking crisis, the regulators are alarmed with the current regulation system. The most critical drawback for increased regulations in United Kingdom is enforcement of international banks to operate in lesser regulated environment offshore. This could result in a huge impact on the employment and financial institution of the country and across the globe. (Buckle & Thompson, pp. 333-345, 2005). The banking system is adhered to principle based approach as compared to the U.S rules based regulatory system. The FSA regulates promotion of efficient and rational financial services to its consumers and to achieve its objective, it ensures standards are in place for the operational activities of banks and financial institutions (Buckle & Thompson, pp. 333-345, 2005). The banking stability in UK is adhered to the Banking Act (2009), which implicit that influential organisations can be held responsible for taking control over the bank in midst of crisis and banking regulations (Parliament, 2010). It also stimulates that in case of bankruptcy of failure of banking system the ownership is controlled under public or government organisation such as Bank of England and Treasury. This has led in recent downfall of financial institutions like Northern Rock, which was rescued by the Bank of England and later on sold to Virgin group. This could be termed as failure in banking system of the oldest British financial institution during the 08/09 financial crunch (Buckle & Thompson, pp. 333-345, 2005). 2. Literature Review The British Banking system has been subject to prudential regulations for quite a long time but is now affirmative in accepting a shift to integrated system, which divulges a single regulator controlling the entire financial intuition sector. According to Buckle and Thompson (2005), the banking failure was apparent since the Great Depression of 1920 when numerous banks and financial institutions collapsed due to failure of regulators and lack of compliance of banking legislations. The British banking sector was not affected with the major crisis until 1973, when Bank of England rescued several secondary banks that were strongly depended on heavy deposits due to intra-bank

Life wk2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Life wk2 - Essay Example IF we were conducting a lifespan study through a clinic or other covered entity we should take this rule into consideration and inform the participants about their rights under the rule. According to the American Psychological Association (2002), there are also ethical considerations that must be followed. One of the first issues to be concerned with is the "do no harm" aspect of the work. Psychologists "seek to safeguard the welfare and rights" (APA, 2002, Principle A, p. 1) of their clients. The psychologist must also make sure that they are practicing within the boundaries of their competency areas (Standard 2, p. 2) and if working with participants who are a different ethnicity or gender, they must have the proper training in these areas. Legally, they must report any infromation to law enforcement where they find a participant to be harmful to themselves or others. They must also make sure that they have the proper licensing and that this licensing is up to date. Researchers should also have in writing the "informed consent" form which states all of the aspects of the study including the nature of the study, that it entails naturalistic observation, that there may be some deception within it and that the information received will be recorded and shared. All participants must sign this agreement to make sure that they understand what is happening. It would be difficult to totally eliminate bias in the researcher, but I would make sure that I had training in the areas necessary to work with the participants. I would make an attempt to use gender neutral wording in the instructions and in conducting the researcher. I would use research methods that had been used with minorities as well as women to the best of my ability. I think that the two most important aspects of ethical considerations are to do no harm and the HIPAA information. The reason these are important is because they are stated to protect the clients. To do no harm is the motto

African American Essay Example for Free

African American Essay White privilege is a way conceptualizing racial inequalities that white people accrue from society. It can be defined as a privilege advantage over non- white people, and give special freedom or immunity which non-white groups are not exempt from. An underexposed part of racism in America is the White people have a privilege that other American like the black race doesn’t. Defining White Privilege Autoredirect to Main Site. Web. 13 Apr. 2012.. White Privileged involve low crime suburban neighborhood, not facing poverty, and not facing injustice. The three majors articles that gives us a clear understanding as to White Privilege are Cradle to Prison Pipeline, Multicultural Community Practice strategies and intergroup empowerment, and Community Organization the elderly poor in San Franciscos Tenderloin District The articles will be discussed the different discrimination as to what is considered to be White Privileges in short to be white and privilege in our society. In our society the poor generally get blamed for all of the world’s problem, as the government official generally put the spotlight on the poor who are always in need where more than half our budget poured out to them year after year with no relief in sight. The poor are generally seen as causing their own problems and are poor because they want to be poor. Author Mr. Gutierrez quotes â€Å"In July 1998, Mayor Rudolph Giuliani pledged to end welfare and make New York City the work capital of the country. Individuals participating in New York Citys Family Assistance program had 15 year time limit on benefits and were required to participate in mandatory work activities, primarily Workfare. In addition, childless adults receiving assistance through the citys Safety Net program also were required to participate in work activities. New York Citys Work Experience Program, which went into effect in 1995, was heralded as the centerpieces of Giulianis efforts to move people off welfare rolls and into jobs. Members of Community Voice Heard an organization of made up low income people who were receiving public assistance-mostly women of color with children- indicated that they had not seen any positive change. Work force is a phony and it doesnt lead to jobs Gutierrez, Lorranie. Chapter 18. Multicultural Community Practice Strategies and Intergroup Empowerment. Thousand Oaks,CA, 2005. 342-48. Print.. â€Å"The local perception of the lack of real jobs matched the Department of Labor’ data, particular poor areas. For example in January 1998, New York City’s unemployment rate was at 9. 1% among the highest in the country. In the boroughs of Brooklyn and the Bronx, unemployment rates were at 10. 6% and 11. 0% respectively. Moreover, even with the national economy booming at that time, most newly created jobs that paid close to a living wage required job skills at a higher level than most Workfare participants had. Most jobs created were in the service industry, which pays very low wages. It was clear that Workfare was not assisting people in moving out poverty and finding that paid a living wage†. Gutierrez, Lorranie. Chapter 18. Multicultural Community Practice Strategies and Intergroup Empowerment. Thousand Oaks,CA, 2005. 342-48. Print. On the other hand as more poor whites are received welfare and receive public aid. The concept is that there are more blacks receiving welfare, and they are lazy milking the system. Welfare critics still state that Blacks should not set 33 percent of public aid as they only make up 12 percent of the general population. About 46. 2 percent of white receive public benefits of being white privilege. The critics and society shift the burden to blacks as White are seen as not even being a part of the system. White privilege is seen even in this dynamics, as our society overlook a certain segment of our society because of their race. In author Meredith Minkler article Community Organizing in San Francisco’s Tenderloin District he stated that â€Å"A culturally diverse, mixed -use, residential area, the forty- five- block district known as the Tenderloin is home to large numbers of elders on small fixed income, younger people with physical and mental disabilities, immigrants, and homeless people. Often just a step remove from homelessness, many of these residents confront daily the interrelated problems of health, social isolation, and powerlessness as a result of poverty and social marginalization. Three hundred times more densely populated than the city as a whole, this neighborhood for years has had the highest crime rate San Francisco. The city’s failure to enforce housing codes or building ordinances, the absence of any major grocery store chain, and the highest density of alcohol outlets in the city contribute to the prevalence of inadequate and unsafe housing, under nutrition and alcoholism†. Upper class elderly Whites people living in San Francisco’s live have had more opportunity to get the wealth as they were not open to blacks. Many others of these elders attribute their wealth as inheritance, as they contribute their wealth as nothing they have done. The elders’ whites have had a better starting point in life than blacks, as they live in the best neighborhoods within San Francisco and generally do not have to deal with not having health care and or becoming homeless. White Privilege gives them the all the power within our society to obtain all that life offers. Minkler, Meredith. Organizing with the Elderly Poor. Community Organizing with the Elderly Poor in San Franciscos Tenderloin District. New Jersey, 2005. 273-75. Print. Lastly in the article â€Å"An Overview of Key Factors Contributing to America’s Cradle to Prison Pipeline Crisis† focus on key points which are poor children of color are the canaries in America’s deep mines of racial and economic injustice, Homicide is the leading cause of death among Black males 15-34. Black males ages 15-19 are almost four times as likely as their White peers to die from firearms injury and are six times as likely to be homicide victims, and about 580,000 Black males are serving sentences in state or federal prison, while fewer than 40,000 Black males earn a bachelor’s degree each year. One in 3 Black men, 20-29 years old, is under correctional supervision or control. Chapter 1. An Overview of Key Factors Contributing to Americas Cradle to Prison Pipeline Crisis. 15-17. Web. Apr. -May 2012. . In a study published by Deidre Royster stated radicalized employment networks can benefit whites at the expense of black people. Deirde Royster research found out that black and whites who graduated from the same school with the same skill found that whites graduate more often, get employ, get high paid position, experienced less unemployment, and received my promotions. Deirde Roster concluded that the main cause of these racial differences was due to social networking. Since Whites control all the prestigious high paid jobs, they are more likely to offer assistance in their social network which is white people. Assistance can be anything from referrals, job vacancy information, formal and informal training, directed Job recruitment and leniency in supervision. White people are given the high paying jobs but blacks at are disadvantage in the employment sector that they are force to take minimum wage jobs. Other reacher by Deidre Royster shows there is a correlation between a persons name is more likely to receive a called back for a job interview. a good example is a names like John Smith or Mary Johnson the people with white sounding names are 60 percent likely to get a called back than people with black sounding name like Shiek Ail or Renee Burgess. This is despite equal resume quality between the two racial groups. White Privilege. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 Dec. 2012. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. . An area in the Bronx, NY name Hunt Point where predominately Black and Hispanic live in has many social problem in the community. Hunts Point is considered a â€Å"Red Light District† area that has suffered from poverty and crime for a litany of years and is the poorest district in the Bronx County. The 41st police department in Hunts Point records shows Hunt Point has the highest crime violent in the whole New York City at 13. 3 percent. There is a drug trade going on in the area where the drug dealers are selling drugs to people in the community which instinctively become junkies. Hunts Point has also been known for its notorious prostitution. The prostitutes with their provocative outfits would be on the street to morning to nighttime trying to provide sexual services to get paid. The prostitution industry was so enormous that writers from HBO channel did four documentaries about the prostitution going on in Hunts Point and how it affect the community and the people living in there. Hunts Point, Bronx. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 Sept. 2012. Web. 14 Apr. 2012. . In another area right outside the Bronx there is City Island a peaceful suburban place where the population is predominately white. The City Island area just from observing you will see the reflection of a peaceful suburban community as white children play safely in the street where their parents don’t have to worry about the trappings of an urban community. The parents don’t have the worry about drug dealers selling drugs to their children or the danger that would potentially come to their children, due to drugs being sold within their community. Families are seen sitting on the porch enjoying themselves with no fear of getting caught up in a firearm crossfire. The police are seen patrolling the communities and are on call 24 hours seven days a week. Generally if one calls the police for help they would come out to the aid the person, calls are not ignored or worst yet viewed as not urgent it can wait as is regularly done in urban communities. The families living in City Island for the most part have great paying jobs paying above 50,000 dollars a year, as they are for the most part relief of worrying about falling into poverty like the people in urban communities such as Hunts Point who generally have low paying jobs or no jobs at all. In the summer time in City Island you can see most of the families on their boats or on their yachts having parties. As these people live totally differently lives then those of Black and Hispanic people living in urban communities in the Bronx. In 2003 the Department of Justice did a survey, and found that Black and Hispanic drivers are three times more likely to be searched than White drivers. White offenders are likely to receive lighter punishment than other minority groups. Black people who are arrested for drug possession for the first time are incarcerated forty times greater than white people. The incarceration rates are much higher for blacks and Latino people than whites. The Department of Justice found out that incarcerated rate is 4,619 per 1000,000 black males, and 1,747 per 100,000 for Hispanic males compared to 773 per 100,000 white males. White Privilege. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 Dec. 2012. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. . Our society seemingly can’t get pass racism as a result white people are treated differently within the judicial system as they are for the most part never arrested and if they are arrested they generally are given more leniency than those who are black or Hispanic. Ohio University professor, writer and civil right advocate Michelle Alexander researched found out that more African American men are in jail, prison, paroled or on probation than were enslaved in 1850 before the civil war began. Ms. Alexander argues in her new book â€Å"The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in Age of Colorblindness† that prisons have become the latest form of economic and social disfranchisement for young black males. Ms. Alexander asked a question in her book â€Å"If crime rates have fluctuated over the years and are now at historical low, then why have rates of incarcerated men of color skyrocketed over the past 30 years? † Michelle Alexander: More Black Men in Prison Than Were Enslaved in 1850 COLORLINES. COLORLINES. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. . Ms. Alexander answered the question as she indicates that it due to the increase of the war on drugs. A war on drugs that you will only find in the poor communities where black and Latino live. Ms. Alexander got some information from the L. A. progressive studies, which show that white’s males are selling and using illegal drugs at much higher rates than blacks and Latino. Five out ten young Black males in inner city communities can expect to be incarcerated then that of White male in their lifetime. Ms. Alexander also states in here book that â€Å"Once a black man is label a felon they will experiences all kinds’ discrimination that once applied in the Jim Crow era. Once a black man is labeled a felon, as he will be denied the right to vote, excluded from juries duty, and legally discriminated in employment. This is what African Americans forefather when thought when growing up in the Jim Crow era. Ms. Alexander uses a great example in the 2008 presidential election many African American was disenfranchised from voting. A rate of 5. 3 African Americans have currently or permanently lost their right of vote from being incarnated but For African American males the rate is seven times the nation average. Michelle Alexander: More Black Men in Prison Than Were Enslaved in 1850 COLORLINES. COLORLINES. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. . At New York State Assembly were I am interning for the past two semesters for Assemblymen Peter Rivera’s office; the Assemblyman has advocate for racial discrimination in state government employment against Blacks and Hispanic. Assemblyman Rivera has been working with President of Black in Government Mr.ton Simpson has been investigating how Civil Service have been under representing minorities in government employment. According to Assemblyman Peter Rivera â€Å"After finding brief analysis data from the Department of Civil Service the data show a problematic trend in hiring African Americans and Hispanics that need to be stop and resolve†. Assemblyman River also added, â€Å"It is unsettling to see that white minority communities are experiencing an explosion growth their access to civil service employment is declining. This is absolutely unacceptable†. Assemblyman Peter Rivera Press Release Saturday, April 16, 2005. New York State Assembly. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. . President of Blacks in Government Mr. Merton Simpson Whom sue New York State for not given him the right to review and challenge opportunity on a promotion test he believe and rightfully passed. At the time Mr. Simpson work for the civil services department and believe the test was racial bias and don’t want Blacks and Hispanic people seeking management or supervisory positions. Mr. Simpson written Civil Services and Equal Opportunity Employment, but both failed to rectify the problem. Mr. Simpson and several other minority employees whom felt that Civil Services Department was being unfair filed a law suit in the Northern District Court against New York State for being racial bias on a test. Mr. Simpson eventually lost his job and the state excuse him of fomenting trouble. Mr. Simpson and the other minority employees won the case and said that â€Å"We are only looking for fairness in testing and hope this will improve the civil services system†. New York State Offers $45M to End Civil Service Test Bias Lawsuit. Times Union. Web. 16 Apr. 2012. . The experience I had at my internship was sorrow but positive at the same time. It show the state must be impartial not only to whites employees but to Black and Hispanics employees as well. In our society today it has become somewhat difficult to avoid discrimination for certain segment of our population in particularly black and Hispanic as they refuse to hire them and if they hire them they are discriminated against in the forms of such as never getting promotions, receiving lower pay and been look down upon as not being capable to perform their duties effectively. Laws are put in place to prevent certain types of discrimination; however there are always loopholes in getting around these laws. Employers cannot discriminate against one because of the skin color or but it is being done in the most not easily seen ways that it can become difficult to see. I believe that there has to be some clear distinctive individual goals put in place for each employer, so that they may understand the benefits of hiring black and Hispanics which just not benefits the workplace as it lends to tolerance for each other, and for those employers who have hired blacks and Hispanics there has to be goals put implemented for tolerance for diversity within the workplace. Inclusiveness of all races in the workplace presents for a better society. Presenting these ideas to employer would be most difficult and I would like to set my ideas and plans in direct ways to help in this area someday. The first set goals that I would like to draft and then present to employers it in the form of workshops designed in the form of role playing, teaching materials and homework to see if the steps are being learned and fostered. Secondly I would come up with a bud system or a mentors system where blacks and Hispanics would be teamed up a someone other than their own ethnicity within the workplace, as the mentoring is presented just not in the workplace but outside the workplace as well. I believed that this can be done within the workplace through implementing and distribute direct discrimination policy that clearly states disciplinary action warranted if not carried out. The plans will allow for teaching acceptances to providing learning about another cultural distinctions such as religion or ethnic traditions and holidays, Create worker caucus or councils groups to discuss workplace experiences and to suggest solutions, encourage workers to tell managers or employers about discrimination against others or themselves, to take action when discrimination presents its ugly head, and finally conduct discrimination policy training classes at every level. I will then present these goals to the executive office so they can get behind me and support these goals. I believe the executive office that accept and foster these goals will be on the road of diminishing discrimination within the workplace. Finally, white privilege is the privilege advantage over non-white people, as they are given special freedom or immunity that non-white groups are not exempt from. The article Contributing to America‘s Cradle to Prison Pipeline Crisis, Community Organization the Elderly Poor in San Francisco’s Tenderloin District and Multicultural Community Practice Strategies and Intergroup Empowerment. The articles present examples as to how society has given special freedom and immunity to whites but blacks are not given the same exemptions. Blacks are perceived to be the cause of society ills as they are lazy and are on welfare, taking and selling drugs, contribute to the high crime rates, uneducated, uncivilized and violet. The fact are that there are more whites on welfare than blacks on the welfare rolls as whites make up 46. 2 percent on welfare while blacks make up 33 percent. More whites are using and selling drugs, and there are just as much uneducated whites as to blacks; however society makes excuses for whites and allow acceptance more so than for blacks. Blacks are more likely to be criminalized as they are given little to no immunity within the judicial system. Once a black person receives a felon record they are even more discriminated against as they lose the right to vote, to obtain public housing and it becomes more difficult to obtain employment. Society has to understand that we are all one people there is no one group more superior than another group. We are all human beings living in the world, as we live the only one life that was given to us tolerance for diversity has to be implemented and foster in our society. Life is truly short and if you blink to long it is gone, if people could understand this concept I believe that it would be a better world for all people.

The Socratic Psyche :: essays papers

The Socratic Psyche I will begin this paper with a brief account of Socrates. I feel this is necessary for those who are not familiar with Socrates. It is as follows: Socrates (C. 470-399 B.C.) Athenian philosopher who allegedly wrote down none of his views, supposedly from his belief that writing distorts ideas. His chief student, Plato, is the major source of knowledge about his life. Socrates questioned Athenians about their moral, political, and religious beliefs, as depicted in Plato^s dialogues; his questioning technique, called dialectic, has greatly influenced Western philosophy. Socrates is alleged to have said that ^the unexamined life is not worth living.^ In 399 B. C., he was brought to trial on charges of corrupting the youth and religious heresy. Sentenced to die, he drank poison. Of the early life of Socrates, there is little to go on. Looking at W.K.C. Guthrie^s History of Greek Philosophy Vol. III, we can extract some useful background information. Socrates was a native Athenian and he was the son of Sophroniscus and Phaenarete. His father is thought to have been a stone mason or sculptor. Some even think that Sophroniscus owned the stone-cutting shop and was quite wealthy. Socrates^ mother is believed to have come from a good family (378). Socrates was also involved in active military service during the Peloponnesian war as a hoplite. Socrates would to have had the wealth and status associated with this position. Socrates had earned high praise for his courage and coolness in battle. He took part in three campaigns and his feats of endurance were well known (Guthrie 379). We also know that Socrates was an excellent soldier and that neither heat nor cold affected him and that his fortitude was well known among fellow hoplites and acquaintances (Symp. 220b). Socrates was not a handsome man, at least outwardly. He had bulging eyes, a broad, flat, turned-up nose, thick lips and a paunch (Guthrie 387). Socrates speaks of an inner voice, given to him by a god. Socrates said that he did not understand the meaning of this voice, but that it guided him to seek the truth, the just, what he felt were virtuous. This inner voice propels him to seek the truth, to steer him away from what is wrong. As Socrates goes about seeking the truth and knowledge, he tells people that he knows nothing and understands even less (Apology 31d) I would call this inner voice the morality of Socrates; the innate knowledge of what is right/wrong and what is just/unjust, voices that are mostly negative for people. This voice, though, leads him to seek the answers for unresolved questions.

Policies and procedures for communicating information Essay

Review of systems, policies and procedures for communicating information on health and social care workplace in accordance with legislative requirements. Health and safety laws never used to be in existence. It was the appointment of the first set of factory inspectors, initiated by the Provisions of the Factories Act of 1833, that brought about the foundations of health and safety. In recent times, a great leap was made when the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 was initiated. This was described as â€Å"a bold and far-reaching piece of legislation† by HSE’s first Director General, John Locke. This became the primary piece of legislation covering occupational health and safety in Great Britain. The health and safety Act of 1974 has led to initiation of several other Acts which includes the followings below 1.Health and safety (First Aid) Regulation 1981 2.Food Safety Act 1990 replaced by the food safety act of 1995 3.Management of health and safety regulation 1992 4.Manual handling operation regulation 1992 5.The Notification of Accidents and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1980 (NADOR), replaced by the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulation 1995 (RIDDOR). 6.The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 2002 Act This is just to mention a few. In 1977/78, the Health and safety annual report stipulated that there are overriding concerns to stimulate awareness of the risks and encourage the joint participation of workers and management in efforts to eliminate them. Hence, making communication of health and safety issues paramount in the work place. Basically, there are three approved modes of communication of health and safety and these are: 1.Verbal 2.Written 3.Graphics

Jewish and Buddhism Life Cycle Rituals Essay

Traditions and rituals have become an indelible mark that one person carries from the time he or she was born until his or her death. The Jewish and Hindu, in particular, cherish special occasions marking the major transitions and stages in the individual’s life from birth to death. Jewish Life Cycle Rituals From the time that a person is born, he is surrounded with rituals and traditions that would eventually become a part of his existence. When a Jew is born, his father will be called to recite the aliyah at the synagogue and pray for blessings for his wife’s and son’s health. This is done on the first Sabbath after the baby is born (ReligionFacts, 2008). The rituals following the birth of a child are called brit milah (for boys) and brit habit (for girls). Brit milah includes prayers and blessings, aside from the naming and circumcision. A mohel conducts the circumcision. Brit habit, on the other hand, refers to the naming ritual for girls. There is also a ritual called simchat bat wherein prayers and songs are included in the naming ceremony. This is done eight or 15 days after the birth (Konick, n. d. ). The ritual following brit milah is Pidyon Haben, which means Redemption of the First-Born Son. This ritual stemmed from the belief that everything that is first and best belongs to God (ReligionFacts, 2008). During the ceremony, the boy is garbed in special clothes and his father brings along five silver coins and presents him to the Kohen. The Kohen is in charge of the whole ceremony. He also recites the Kiddush and drinks the wine. The Kohen then puts the coins over the boy’s head and blesses him (BecomingJewish, 2009). When the boy reaches the age of 13, the Jewish community considers him an adult. This is also the stage where he becomes a bar mitzvah (Son of the Commandments). In girls, it is called bat mitzvah (Daughter of the Commandments) (ReligionFacts, 2009). Another important ritual in the lives of Jewish is marriage. After the couple announces their engagement, there is a festivity where the couple’s family and friends attend. This symbolizes the willingness of both families to have their children wed. The entire wedding ceremony entails many activities, eventually leading to nisuin. This is the part wherein the couple stands under chuppah (canopy). Chuppah is the symbol of the couple’s new home. The couple recites the seven marriage benedictions. The bride and groom also share a glass of wine. After the ceremony, there is celebration with music and dancing. Then the married couple heads to their honeymoon (ReligionFacts, 2009). The life cycle ends with death. As the family is notified of the death of a family member, the child tears his clothes on the left side while other mourners tear their clothes on the right side. The Jews do not believe in autopsy, embalming and cremation. The body is washed and dressed in white tachrichin. The Jewish observes the placing of the body into the ground. A shomer also recites Tehillim (Psalms) to the dead as a show of respect (BecomingJewish, 2009). When one grows up in a country that has culture, traditions and rituals different from others, formation of his or her identity and personality is affected. These rituals and traditions have an important role in one’s identity. Once a person determines his social identity, he will continually affirm it. This explains why Jews behave or act or think differently from Americans. In addition, the voluntary and involuntary experiences that Jewish individuals have throughout their lives play an important role in the formation of identity. Involuntary experiences refer to those that result from the parents’ upbringing. Voluntary experiences, on the other hand, refer to choices that an individual takes about being a Jewish. Moreover, there are Jews who come from intensive Jewish backgrounds. They tend to be more influenced as their families are committed to Jewish life (Horowitz, 2001). Hindu Life Cycle Rituals The Hindu culture also has its own set of traditions and rituals that are different from other cultures. Even before a child is born, certain rites are performed to make sure that both the mother and the child will be healthy. Right after birth, the father touches a gold spoon or ring dipped in curds, honey, and ghee to the baby’s lips. Then he whispers vak into the baby’s right ear three times. In addition, mantras are recited for an enduring and long life. Rituals also include the baby’s firsts, such as first visit to a temple, first feeding of solid food, ear-piercing, and first haircut. Young males are also subject to upayana, an initiation ceremony for six to 12-year-olds. This ceremony signals the transition to adulthood. The ceremony also includes the boy’s recitation of the Gayatri Mantra and the wearing of a sacred thread over the left shoulder. Those who wear sacred thread are called twice-born (Cline, 2009). Another important ritual for the Hindu is marriage. During this phase, the parents of the couple are the ones who will decide upon the betrothal and date and time of the wedding in accordance with astrologers. For Hindu, the bride represents the goddess while the groom represents the god. Hindu marriages are elaborate, involving the groom’s travel to the wedding site riding a caparisoned white horse or a limousine. One important part of every Hindu marriage is the reciting of mantras by the priests (Cline, 2009). Death also ends the life cycle that involves ceremonies. Hindu believes in cremation, but others practice burial. If the body is cremated, the closest relative is put in-charge of lighting the funeral pyre and collecting ashes and fragments of bones that will be immersed in the holy river. After this, the mourners will take a purifying bath. In much the same way, Hindus’ formation of personality and identity are affected by the surrounding culture and rituals that they observe as they grow up. A Hindu also acts in a way that the society dictates as right. For instance, religious beliefs have a direct influence on Hindu women’s roles and responsibilities (Jarayam, 2008). Historical records would show that Hindu women used to be treated as second class citizens. In fact, they walk a few steps behind their husbands. Although the times are changing and there have been improvements on the role of women in the society, there will still be cases wherein women are still abused or treated as inferior (Jarayam, 2007). Situations like this can affect the development of one’s identity and personality. References BecomingJewish. (2009). Jewish life cycles. Retrieved February 10, 2009, from http://www. becomingjewish. org/jlife. html Cline, A. (2009). Hindu rituals in India. About. com. Retrieved February 10, 2009, from http://atheism. about. com/od/hindusandhinduism/a/IndiaRituals. htm Horowitz, B. (2001). Informal education and Jewish identity development. Retrieved February 10, 2009, from http://www. shma. com/May01/horowitz. htm Jarayam, V. (2007). Hinduism and women. Retrieve February 10, 2009, from http://www. hinduwebsite. com/hinduism/h_women. asp Jarayam, V. (2008). The problems and status of women in Hindu society. Retrieved February 10, 2009, from http://www. hinduwebsite. com/hinduwomen. asp Konick, L. (n. d. ). Welcome your baby: Jewish traditions. Retrieved February 10, 2009, from http://www. beliefnet. com/Love-Family/Parenting/2000/05/Welcome-Your-Baby-Jewish-Traditions. aspx Kushner, H. (2009). Some meanings of brit milah. MyJewishLearning, Inc. Retrieved February 10, 2009, from http://www. myjewishlearning. com/lifecycle/Ceremonies_For_Newborns/Overview_History_and_Themes/Brit_Milah_Ceremonies_for_Boys/Meaning_of_Brit_Milah. htm ReligionFacts. (2008). Jewish life cycle rituals. Retrieved February 10, 2009, from http://www. religionfacts. com/judaism/cycle. htm

Free Essays on Indian Givers

Question #4: Discuss the Native American contributions to the medical field. The Native Americans contributed enormously towards today’s medical field. Cures for today’s diseases have been traced as far back as to the Indians of America, yet still time after time, we have failed to recognize such achievements. For example, The Aztecs were probably the most advanced in understanding the human anatomy of any society in the world of the 16th century. Such knowledge came from human sacrifices they performed. They understood the role of the heart and blood circulation long before the new world. The doctors created a vocabulary then that now identifies almost all of the organs that the science of anatomy recognized today. Again, at the time The Aztecs were either parallel in regards to European organizations of the medicine or for the most part, surpassed them. For example, up till today there is no steel scalpel that has been made that cuts sharper than the obsidian implements of the Aztec surgeons. In fact, only today’s laser beam can cut a finer incision with less bleeding and less scarification. A second example of the instruments used by The Aztecs is bulbed syringe and rubber hoses that they used to give enemas with. The European doctors adopted both styles and continue to use them today. Even back then, Indian surgeons amputated limbs, prescribed artificial legs, and removed teeth such as today’s doctors perform. Malaria ravages more people than any other disease in many areas of the world. For most of human history, no effective cure or preventive existed for this disease. Europeans brought the disease to America and the Indians. When this occurred, the Indians rapidly found that one of their traditional medicines, Peruvian bark, presented relief from malaria. The bark contained quinine, which is the active ingredient in chloroquine. This introduction of quinine marked the beginning of modern pharmacology. ... Free Essays on Indian Givers Free Essays on Indian Givers Question #4: Discuss the Native American contributions to the medical field. The Native Americans contributed enormously towards today’s medical field. Cures for today’s diseases have been traced as far back as to the Indians of America, yet still time after time, we have failed to recognize such achievements. For example, The Aztecs were probably the most advanced in understanding the human anatomy of any society in the world of the 16th century. Such knowledge came from human sacrifices they performed. They understood the role of the heart and blood circulation long before the new world. The doctors created a vocabulary then that now identifies almost all of the organs that the science of anatomy recognized today. Again, at the time The Aztecs were either parallel in regards to European organizations of the medicine or for the most part, surpassed them. For example, up till today there is no steel scalpel that has been made that cuts sharper than the obsidian implements of the Aztec surgeons. In fact, only today’s laser beam can cut a finer incision with less bleeding and less scarification. A second example of the instruments used by The Aztecs is bulbed syringe and rubber hoses that they used to give enemas with. The European doctors adopted both styles and continue to use them today. Even back then, Indian surgeons amputated limbs, prescribed artificial legs, and removed teeth such as today’s doctors perform. Malaria ravages more people than any other disease in many areas of the world. For most of human history, no effective cure or preventive existed for this disease. Europeans brought the disease to America and the Indians. When this occurred, the Indians rapidly found that one of their traditional medicines, Peruvian bark, presented relief from malaria. The bark contained quinine, which is the active ingredient in chloroquine. This introduction of quinine marked the beginning of modern pharmacology. ...

How to Survive Your Admissions Interview

How to Survive Your Admissions Interview Getting into a private school isnt as simple as just deciding to go. You must apply, which means youre going to need to submit an application, take a test  and prepare for the admission interview.   Why? Because schools want to get to know you in person to see how you will fit into their community. They have your transcripts, recommendations, and test scores to give  them a profile of your abilities. But, they also want to see the person behind all those stats and achievements. Check out these 12 tips on how to survive your admission interview: 1. Plan Ahead The interview is important, so make sure you schedule one well in advance of the interview deadlines. This also gives you time to prepare for the interview and review some potential interview questions that might be asked of you, and give you a chance to come up with some potential questions to ask your interviewer. 2. Take a Deep Breath and Relax An admission interview  can be  stressful, but theres nothing to worry about. Dont be scared and dont worry about how you look or what they will ask you; we have tips to help you with all of that. Remember: almost everybody is nervous at an interview. The admissions staff know this and will do their best to make you feel comfortable, at ease and as relaxed as possible. The trick is to not let your nerves get the better of you. Use your nerves to give you that natural edge and alertness you need to present yourself in the best light possible. 3. Be Yourself Be on your best behavior, socially speaking, but be yourself. While we all want to put our best foot forward when we interview, its important to remember that schools want to get to know you, not some perfectly poised robotic version of you that you think the interviewer wants to see.  Think positively. As a rule, the school will be trying to sell itself to you as much as you are trying to sell yourself to it. 4. Leave the Technology Behind Always turn off your cell phone, iPad and other devices before you go into the interview and put them away. It is rude to text or read messages or playing games during an interview. Even your smartwatch can be a distraction, so take a temporary hiatus from technology during your interview, which usually lasts only about 30 minutes. To avoid the temptation, leave your devices behind with your parents in the waiting room (and make sure the sound is off!).   5. Make a Good First Impression From the first moment you step foot on campus, remember that you want to make a good first impression. Greet people you meet openly, looking them in the eye, shaking hands, and saying hello. Dont whisper, dont stare at the ground and dont slouch. Good posture makes a strong impression. That goes for the interview itself, too. Sit up tall in your chair and dont jitter or fidget. Dont bite your nails or pull at your hair, and never chew gum. Be polite and respectful. Please and thank you are always appreciated and go a long way to indicating respect for authority and your elders and even your peers, should you meet other students. 6. Dress for Success Its common for students to ask, What should I wear to my private school interview? Lets remember that youre applying to private school, and most schools have strict dress codes and high standards for their students. You cant roll up to the interview looking like you just fell  out of bed and couldnt care less about the experience. Wear comfortable clothes appropriate for the occasion. Look up the schools dress code and do your best to align. You dont have to go out and buy the uniform itself if they have one, but make sure youre dressing appropriately. For girls, opt for a plain blouse and skirt or slacks, or a nice dress, and shoes that arent sneakers or flip flops. Use minimal makeup and accessories. Keep your hairstyle simple. Remember that youre applying to school, not to walk the runway. For boys, opt for a plain shirt, slacks and shoes (no sneakers) work for most situations. There is nothing wrong with expressing your individuality. Just make sure that the way you express it is appropriate. 7. Be Honest Dont lie or panic. If you dont know the answer to the interviewers question, say so. Look her in the eye and admit that you do not know the answer. Similarly, if she asks you a question you dont want to answer, dont avoid it. For example, if she asks why you failed algebra, explain why that happened and what you are doing about it. Showing that youre willing to own a mistake or problem and are actively working to fix it can go a long way. If attending their school is part of your strategy for improvement, say so. Honesty is an admirable personal quality which schools prize in an applicant.  Give truthful answers. If you are not a top student, admit it and tell the interviewer how you plan to achieve better results. Remember, they will see your transcript! Interviewers like to see an honest appraisal of ones strengths and weaknesses. If you can point to some challenge you had in your school work, for example, not understanding quadratic equations, and how you overcame that, you will impress the interviewer with your positive attitude and approach to life. This goes back to being honest. If you are honest and truthful, you will learn more and learn more easily. 8. Ask Questions Ask questions about the school, its programs, and facilities. Find out how it can help you achieve your goals. Determine as best you can how the schools philosophy meshes with yours.  Dont feel like you should ask questions just to ask, but instead, be sure to cover the topics you and your parents want to know more about. For example, you may be an avid  linguist who wants to study Mandarin. Ask in-depth questions about the Chinese Studies program, its faculty and so on. Its also important to do your research before the interview though. Dont show up asking if they have a soccer team; thats the kind of information you can easily find online. Also, dont ask a question that was already answered earlier in the interview. That shows youre not paying attention. You can, however, ask for more details about something you talked about earlier. 9. Pay  Attention Listen carefully to the questions being asked and what is being said. Is what you are hearing what you want to hear or is the school just not suitable for you? You will get a feel for that early in the interview. The last thing you want to do is zone out during the interview and not know what the interviewer said.   10. Be Thoughtful Think before you answer. Avoid mannerisms such as like and you know. Careless speech patterns can indicate a lack of discipline and general sloppiness. Standard business English is always acceptable. That does not mean that you have to repress your personality. If you are a free spirit, let that side of you show. Communicate clearly and convincingly. Make your points without being rude or overbearing. 11. Reflect When the interview is over, record your observations and compare these with your parents. Both of you will want to discuss these observations with your consultant later. Those recollections are important because they help determine which school is the best fit for you. 12. Follow Up Its important to follow up with your interviewer once its over. If theres time, send a handwritten thank you note to your interviewer. It will speak volumes for your ability to follow through and your personal sincerity. It doesnt need to be long, just a quick note thanking your interviewer for the meeting and perhaps reminding him of why you want to attend the school. If youre short on time, an email is a suitable alternative if youre on a fast track for decisions with limited time between the interview and decisions.